For Easier Breathing

A chronic cough or change in breathing shouldn't be dismissed as smoker's cough or a sign of being out of shape.


These can be early symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary artery disease (COPD). The August issue of Mayo Clinic Health Letter discusses COPD, a progressive lung disease usually caused by smoking.


COPD is most commonly a combination of chronic bronchitis -- characterized by persistent cough and phlegm production -- and emphysema, which causes shortness of breath. These conditions develop gradually and produce few signs and symptoms in the early stages. But COPD, among older adults, is a leading cause of death in the United States.


Fortunately, when COPD is detected at a mild-to-moderate stage -- as the majority of cases are -- symptoms can remain mild if a person stops smoking and adopts a healthier lifestyle.


Strategies that can help mild-to-moderate COPD include:


-- Avoid respiratory infections -- Get the pneumonia vaccine and an annual flu vaccination and take basic preventive precautions such as frequent hand washing.


-- Get daily exercise -- The efficiency of the muscles and circulatory system will increase.


-- Use short-acting bronchodilators -- They can help relax muscles and prevent spasms and, as a result, relieve coughing and make breathing easier.


-- Avoid irritants -- Stop smoking and avoid secondhand smoke, air pollution, wood smoke, strong odors and dust.


-- Maintain a well-balanced diet and healthy weight -- Too thin can lead to frailness, while being overweight can increase shortness of breath.


Treatments for more severe COPD include long-acting bronchodilators, corticosteroids and supplemental oxygen.


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